Illumination device, projection type image display device, and optical device

ABSTRACT

To provide an illumination device and a projection type image display device that illuminate an area to be illuminated (image formation area) under conditions where speckle noise is less noticeable. 
     An illumination device according to the present invention includes: a light source  11  that emits coherent light; an optical scanning section  15  that scans the coherent light emitted from the light source  11 ; and an optical path conversion system  21  configured to allow the coherent light scanned by the optical scanning section  15  to illuminate an area to be illuminated sequentially in an overlapping manner. An incident angle of the coherent light that enters respective points of the area to be illuminated changes with time.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Divisional Application of prior application Ser.No. 14/115,732 filed on Nov. 5, 2013, which is based upon and claims thebenefit of priority of the prior Japanese Patent Application No.2011-105457, filed on May 10, 2011, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an illumination device that usescoherent light such as laser light, a projection type image displaydevice that uses the coherent light to illuminate an optical modulationelement to project an image on a screen, and an optical device for usein the illumination device and projection type image display device.

BACKGROUND ART

There is known a projector (projection type image display device) thatuses an optical modulation element (micro display) such as a liquidcrystal or MEMS to visualize illumination light from a light source andprojects an image based on the illumination light on a screen. Some ofsuch projectors use, as its light source, a white light source such as ahigh-pressure mercury lamp and projects an image on a screen whilemagnifying an image obtained by illuminating a two-dimensional opticalmodulation element such as a liquid crystal by means of projectionoptical system.

However, a high-intensity discharge lamp such as the high-pressuremercury lamp has a comparatively short life, so that when thehigh-intensity discharge lamp is used for a projector, the lamp needs tobe replaced frequently with new one. Moreover, the use of thehigh-intensity discharge lamp disadvantageously increases a size of theprojector. Moreover, it is unfavorable to use the high-pressure mercurylamp that uses mercury, in terms of environmental burden. To solve suchdrawbacks, a projector that uses laser light as its light source isproposed. A semiconductor laser has a longer life than the high-pressuremercury lamp and allows size reduction of the entire projector.

The laser light thus expected to be used as a next-generation lightsource for projector is excellent in linearity, so that it is consideredthat light incidence efficiency can be enhanced more than an LED.However, in a case where the laser light is used as the light source,speckle noise may generate due to high coherence, disadvantageouslymaking an image difficult to see.

The speckle noise is granular noise generated due to interference ofscattering light from a minute irregularity of a surface to beirradiated when coherent laser light is used as a light source. Thespeckle noise generated in the projector not only causes degradation ofimage quality but also provides physiologic discomfort to a viewer. Toreduce the speckle noise, various attempts, such as to vibrate adiffuser plate through which the laser light passes, to widen awavelength spectrum of laser, and vibrate a screen itself which is anirradiation target of the laser light are made. As one of such attemptsfor speckle noise reduction, Patent Document 1 discloses a non-speckledisplay device that reduces the speckle noise by rotating a diffuserplate through which coherent light passes.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT Patent Document

Patent Document 1: JP06-208089A

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Means for Solving the Problems

The speckle noise reduction method disclosed in Patent Document 1 canaverage speckle noise (interference pattern) generated before arrival ata diffusion element. However, since an angle of incident light from adiffusion center to the screen is invariant at any point on the screen,so that light scattering characteristics at respective points on thescreen are constant, with the result that removal effect of the specklenoise generated on the screen can hardly be obtained.

Such speckle caused by the coherent light has become a problem not onlyin a projection type image display device (projector) that uses thecoherent light as a light source, but also in various illuminationdevices that use the coherent light.

An object of the present invention is to provide an illumination devicecapable of suppressing speckle generated due to use of the coherentlight as a light source and a projection type image display device usingthe illumination device. Another object of the present invention is toprovide the illumination device and projection type image display devicecapable of effectively illuminating an area to be illuminated to enhancelight utilization efficiency. A still another object of the presentinvention is to illuminate the entire area to be illuminated uniformlyby illuminating the area to be illuminated under nearly the sameconditions.

An illumination device according to the present invention includes: alight source that emits coherent light; an optical scanning section thatscans the coherent light emitted from the light source; and an opticalpath conversion system configured to allow the coherent light scanned bythe optical scanning section to illuminate an area to be illuminatedsequentially in an overlapping manner. An incident angle of the coherentlight that enters respective points of the area to be illuminatedchanges with time.

In the illumination device according to the present invention, theoptical path conversion system illuminates the entire area to beilluminated regardless of a position at which the optical scanningsection scans the coherent light.

In the illumination device according to the present invention, theoptical path conversion system includes a first light collection elementand a second light collection element, the optical scanning section isprovided at an upstream side focal position of the first lightcollection element, an upstream side focal position of the second lightcollection element is provided at a downstream side focal position ofthe first light collection element, and the area to be illuminated ispositioned at a downstream side focal position of the second lightcollection element.

In the illumination device according to the present invention, theoptical scanning section includes a galvano mirror.

In the illumination device according to the present invention, theoptical scanning section includes a polygon mirror.

In the illumination device according to the present invention, theoptical scanning section includes a variable diffraction element.

In the illumination device according to the present invention, theoptical scanning section includes a phase modulation element.

In the illumination device according to the present invention, a beamforming means is disposed between the light source and optical scanningsection.

A projection type image display device according to the presentinvention includes: a light source that emits coherent light; an opticalscanning section that scans the coherent light emitted from the lightsource; an optical modulation element having an image formation area inwhich an image is formed; an optical path conversion system configuredto allow the coherent light scanned by the optical scanning section toilluminate the image formation area sequentially in an overlappingmanner; and a projection optical system that projects the image of theoptical modulation element on a screen. An incident angle of thecoherent light that enters respective points of the image formation areachanges with time.

An optical device according to the present invention includes: anoptical scanning section that scans coherent light; and an optical pathconversion system configured to allow the coherent light scanned by theoptical scanning section to illuminate an area to be illuminatedsequentially in an overlapping manner.

Advantages of the Invention

According to the illumination device of the present invention, theoptical scanning section scans the coherent light to cause theillumination light to be emitted from the optical path conversion systemto illuminate the area to be illuminated at an angle changing with time.This allows the speckle generated in the area to be illuminated to bemade invisible to a viewer. Moreover, in the projection type imagedisplay device according to the present invention, the screen is alsosubjected to irradiation at an angle changing with time, therebyeffectively suppressing the speckle to be generated on the screen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a configuration of a projection type imagedisplay device provided with an illumination device according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a configuration of the illumination deviceaccording to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a configuration of the optical scanningsection (variable diffraction element) according to another embodimentof the present invention.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are views illustrating a configuration of the opticalscanning section (phase modulation element) according to anotherembodiment of the present invention and a phase change in the opticalscanning section, respectively.

FIGS. 5A to 5E are views each illustrating the phase change in theoptical scanning section (phase modulation element) according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Now, an illumination device and a projection type image display deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present invention will be describedwith reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a view illustrating aconfiguration of a projection type image display device provided with anillumination device according to an embodiment of the present invention.It should be noted that drawings described hereinafter are each aschematic diagram, and may represent different shape, dimension, andposition from those actually illustrated.

A projection type image display device 10 according to the presentembodiment includes an illumination device 20, an optical modulationelement 31 for forming an image, and a projection optical system 32 thatprojects an image formed by the optical modulation element 31 on ascreen 41. In the drawings, a surface of the screen 41 on which an imageis projected is assumed to be X-Y plane, and an axis normal to the X-Yplane is assumed to be a Z-axis. As the screen 41, a reflective screenfor observing an image reflected by the screen 41 or a transmissivescreen for observing an image transmitted through the screen 41 can beused.

The illumination device 20 of the present embodiment includes a lightsource 11, an optical scanning section 15, and an optical pathconversion system 21. The optical device of the present invention isconstituted by the optical scanning section 15 and optical pathconversion system 21 of the illumination device 20 (constituent elementsof the illumination device other than the light source 11).

As the light source 11, various types of laser systems, including asemiconductor laser system, that emit laser light as coherent light canbe used. The coherent light emitted from the light source 11 illuminatesthe optical scanning section 15. It is preferable to provide a beamforming means for uniforming an intensity distribution of the coherentlight emitted from the light source 11 in a cross-sectional directionthereof. For example, the beam forming means is provided so as toachieve the uniformization on a surface in the vicinity of the opticalscanning section, and the optical path conversion system 21 is set suchthat the surface and optical modulation element surface are in aconjugate relationship, thereby allowing illumination of the area to beilluminated with a uniform intensity. The beam forming means may beconfigured not only to uniform the intensity but also to change across-sectional shape of laser beam into a shape of the opticalmodulation element. Moreover, a diameter of the coherent light to beemitted may be adjusted by a beam expander depending on variousconditions such as a size of an image formation area of the opticalmodulation element 31 as the area to be illuminated or a magnificationof the optical path conversion system 21.

The optical scanning section 15 is an optical element that changes withtime a direction of the coherent light emitted from the light source 11.In the present embodiment, a galvano mirror that can rotate a reflectingsurface about a rotation center Ra is used. As such a movable mirrordevice that mechanically rotates a movable mirror, a polygon mirror, oran MEMS scanner can also be used. In addition, there can be used avariable diffraction element that electrically changes a diffractioncondition to change a light emitting direction or a phase modulationelement. Unlike the movable mirror device, such elements do not includea movable portion, so that it is possible to reduce process burden atmanufacturing time or maintenance time. Details of this will bedescribed later.

The optical scanning section 15 of the present embodiment has a rotationcenter Ra in a Y-axis direction and performs one-dimensional scanningthat scans the coherent light in an X-Z plane. However, the opticalscanning section 15 may perform one-dimensional scanning ortwo-dimensional scanning for the coherent light. In each case, it isnecessary for the optical scanning section 15 to scan an incidentsurface of the optical path conversion system 21 so as to consequentlysufficiently illuminate the area to be illuminated.

The coherent light emitted from the light source 11 enters the opticalscanning section 15. In the optical scanning section 15, the coherentlight becomes scanning light La whose direction is changed with time andthen enters the optical path conversion system 21. In the drawing,scanning light La (t1) and scanning light La (t2) around the outermostends are illustrated. Actually, however, the scanning light Lasequentially moves between the La (t1) and La (t2) in a continuous orintermittent manner.

The optical path conversion system 21 is an optical element thatilluminates an image formation area as the area to be illuminated withthe scanning light La emitted from the optical scanning section 15. Thescanning light La scanned by the optical scanning section 15 passesthrough the optical path conversion system 21 to sequentially illuminatethe area to be illuminated in an overlapping manner. Particularly, inthe present embodiment, the optical path conversion system 21 alwaysilluminate the entire image formation area of the optical modulationelement 31 as the area to be illuminated regardless of a scanningposition of the optical scanning section 15, thereby enhancing lightutilization efficiency. Moreover, the optical path conversion system 21always illuminates the image formation area with parallel light orsubstantially parallel light to thereby illuminate respective points ofthe image formation area under the same conditions. This, for example,allows uniform illumination of the entire image formation area.

The optical modulation element 31 is a display having the imageformation area in which an image is formed based on an image signal. Inthe present embodiment, a transmissive liquid crystal element is used asthe optical modulation element 31. In addition to such a transmissivetype, a reflective type such as an MEMS can be used. Illumination lightLb from the optical path conversion system 21 enters the opticalmodulation element 31 while sequentially changing its incident angle andis then converted into modulated light Lc based on an image displayed inthe image formation area.

The projection optical system 32 performs magnification conversion forthe modulated light Lc to convert it into image reproduction light Ldfor projection on the screen 41. In the present embodiment, a diaphragm33 is provided at a downstream side of the projection optical system 32.

Now, an operation principle, etc., of the illumination device 20functioning as a main factor for suppressing the speckle in theprojection type image display device 10 will be described in detail.FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a configuration of the illumination device20 according to the embodiment of the present invention, which shows astate of illumination by the optical path conversion system 21.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the scanning light La (t1) at time t1 entersthe optical path conversion system 21 and is then converted intoillumination light Lb (t1) to illuminate at least a part of the imageformation area of the optical modulation element 31. Similarly, thescanning light La (t2) at time t2 enters the optical path conversionsystem 21 and is then converted into illumination light Lb (t2) toilluminate at least a part of the image formation area. As illustrated,the illumination device 20 illuminates the entire image formation areawhile changing with time the incident angle with respect to the area tobe illuminated.

The optical path conversion system 21 in the present embodiment includesa first light collection element 21 a and a second light collectionelement 21 b. As illustrated, an upstream side focal length of the firstlight collection element 21 a is set to F1#a, and a downstream sidefocal length thereof is to F1#b, and the rotation center Ra of theoptical scanning section 15 is situated at an upstream side focalposition of the first light collection element 21 a. On the other hand,an upstream side focal length of the second light collection element 21b is set to F2#a, and a downstream side focal length thereof is to F2#b,and an incident surface of the optical modulation element 31 is situatedat a downstream side focal position of the second light collectionelement 21 b. A downstream side focal position of the first lightcollection element 21 a is situated at an upstream side focal positionof the second light collection element 21 b.

As the first and second light collection elements 21 a and 21 b, anelement (e.g., lens or concave mirror) having a light collectionfunction is used. Alternatively, a hologram element or a diffractionelement having an equivalent function may be used. Furtheralternatively, a combination of the above elements may be used. Theoptical path conversion system 21 only needs to have a function ofilluminating the area to be illuminated sequentially in an overlappingmanner with the scanned coherent light. In addition to a combination ofthe light collection elements, a plurality of mirrors or prisms, aplurality of light guide elements, an optical fiber array, or the likemay be used to realize the optical path conversion system 21.

With such optical arrangement of the first and second light collectionelements 21 a and 21 b, the parallel or substantially parallel coherentlight emitted from the light source 11 can always illuminate the entirepredetermined area of the optical modulation element 31 in the form ofthe parallel or substantially parallel illumination light Lb. In thepresent embodiment, the predetermined area that the illumination lightLb illuminates is set as the image formation area of the opticalmodulation element 31. The entire image formation area is thus alwaysilluminated to enhance light utilization efficiency. Moreover, the useof the parallel or substantially parallel illumination light Lb allowsrespective points of the image formation area to be illuminated underthe same conditions.

Although the optical path conversion system 21 described above includesthe first and second light collection elements 21 a and 21 b, theconfiguration of the optical path conversion system 21 is not limited tothis, but any configuration may be adopted as long as at least a part ofthe image formation area as the area to be illuminated is illuminatedwith the scanning light La, and the entire image formation area isilluminated in a sequential manner in association with the lightscanning performed by the optical scanning section 15.

Returning to FIG. 1, the modulated light Lc modulated by the opticalmodulation element 31 is magnified by the projection optical system 32and projected on the screen 41 as the image reproduction light Ld,allowing a viewer to observe an image reflected from or transmittedthrough the screen 41. At this time, the coherent lights diffused on asurface of the screen 41 interfere with each other to cause speckle.However, in the present embodiment, the coherent light is scanned by theoptical scanning section 15, which consequently sequentially changes anincident angle of the image reproduction light Ld to be projected on thescreen 41. This extremely effectively makes the speckle less noticeable.

For example, the image reproduction light Ld (t1) at the time t1 andimage reproduction light Ld (t2) at the time t2 enter a point P1 on thescreen illustrated in FIG. 1 at different incident angles. The same canbe said for a point P2 illustrated in FIG. 1 and other not illustratedpoints. That is, the image reproduction light Ld projects an image onthe screen 41 while changing with time the incident angle. Therefore, inan extremely short time, the speckle formed on the screen is averaged interms of time within a visual response time by the image reproductionlight Ld which is irradiated at an incident angle changing with time andthereby becomes sufficiently less noticeable to the viewer viewing theimage projected on the screen 41.

The speckle observed by the viewer includes not only the speckle thusgenerated due to scattering of the coherent light on the screen 41, butalso speckle generated on various optical elements of the projectiontype image display device 10. Such speckle is observed by the viewerwhen being projected on the screen 41 through the optical modulationelement 31. In the present embodiment, the scanning light La scans theoptical path conversion system 21 to allow the speckle generated on therespective optical elements of the projection type image display device10 to be made sufficiently less noticeable.

The optical scanning section 15 constituted by the movable mirror deviceusing the galvano mirror has thus been described with reference to FIGS.1 and 2. As described above, the optical scanning section 15 may berealized using a variable diffraction element or a phase modulationelement that does not include a movable portion. FIG. 3 is a viewillustrating a configuration of the optical scanning section (variablediffraction element) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention, FIG. 4A is a view illustrating a configuration of the opticalscanning section (phase modulation element) according to still anotherembodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4B is a view illustrating aphase change in the optical scanning section, and FIGS. 5A to 5E areviews each illustrating the phase change in the optical scanning section(phase modulation element) according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

The optical scanning section 15 of FIG. 3 is an embodiment using thevariable diffraction element. In this embodiment, an amplitudemodulation type liquid crystal element is used as the variablediffraction element. The liquid crystal element constituting the opticalscanning section 15 forms a diffraction grating by liquid crystal 151. Apitch of the diffraction grating formed by the liquid crystal 151 ischanged with time to change a diffraction angle, thereby allowing theemission direction of the coherent light emitted from the light source11 and entering the optical scanning section 15 to be changed with time.In the present embodiment, the coherent light is made to obliquely enteran incident surface of the optical scanning section 15 to allowzero-dimensional light to escape and allow diffracted light to beemitted in a normal direction of the element.

As the variable diffraction element, in addition to the above liquidcrystal element, an optical element, such as an acoustic-opticalelement, that modulates a phase of light passing there through may beused. Alternatively, a micromirror device that modulates a phase oflight to be reflected thereby may be used.

The light scanning section 15 of FIG. 4A is an embodiment using thephase modulation element. In this embodiment, a liquid crystal thatmodulates only a phase is used. As illustrated in FIG. 4A which is aconfiguration view of the light scanning section 15 using the phasemodulation element, the optical scanning section 15 includes a liquidcrystal layer 152 encapsulated between transparent base materials 153and 154. The liquid crystal layer 152 includes pixel electrodes 152 aprovided sectionally and a common electrode 152 b. By sequentiallychanging a refractive index section by section, the phase of transmittedlight can be changed.

FIG. 4B is a view illustrating a basic form of a phase change andrepresenting a phase distribution in correspondence with theconfiguration of FIG. 4A. By changing bias voltage to be applied to thepixel electrode 152 a, a phase distribution as indicated by time t1 andtime t2 can be formed. In such a phase distribution, as illustrated inFIG. 4A, the scanning light La, which is in a state of the scanninglight La (t1) at the time t1, can be deflected into a state of thescanning light La (t2) at time t2. Actually, changing the phase statebetween the time t1 and time t2 in multiple stages or in a continuousmanner allows a direction of the scanning light (La) to be changed inmultiple stages or in a continuous manner.

FIGS. 5A to 5E are views illustrating another embodiment of the phasechange. In this embodiment, the phase distribution is change into aKinoform pattern, that is, a pattern in which the phase is repeatedlychanged between 0π to 2π is changed with time to sequentially change adeflection condition to thereby change a deflection direction as in thecase of FIG. 4B. As is the case with FIG. 4B, FIGS. 5A to 5E eachrepresent a phase distribution in correspondence with the configurationof FIG. 4A. FIG. 5A represents a phase state at the time t1, and FIG. 5Erepresents a phase state at the time t2. By changing with time a phaseshape from FIG. 5A to FIG. 5E and vice versa, the coherent light emittedfrom the light source 11 is deflected. The phase distribution may be setto a Fresnel lens type in which the phase range is a set to a rangeother than from 0π to 2π.

Unlike the above-described variable diffraction element is used for theoptical scanning section 15, zero-order light is not generated when thephase modulation element is used for the optical scanning section 15,light utilization efficiency can be enhanced. Moreover, as illustrated,the coherent light can be made to enter the incident surface of theoptical scanning section 15 at right angles.

According to the present embodiment, there can be provided anillumination device that can make speckle noise less noticeable and aprojection type image display device that can present an image in whichthe speckles noise is less noticeable by illuminating the opticalmodulation element 31 using the illumination device. Particularly, inthe present embodiment, the light scanned by the light scanning section15 and passed through the optical path conversion system 21 is used forillumination, so that light utilization efficiency can be enhanced.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and anembodiment obtained by appropriately combining technical featuresdisclosed in each of the above embodiments is included in the technicalscope of the present invention.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

-   -   10: Projection type image display device    -   11: Light source    -   15: Optical scanning section    -   151: Liquid crystal    -   152: Liquid crystal layer    -   152 a: Pixel electrode    -   152 b: Common electrode    -   153, 154: Transparent base material    -   21: Optical path conversion system    -   21 a: First light collection element    -   21 b: Second light collection element

The invention claimed is:
 1. A projection type image display devicecomprising: a light source that emits coherent light; an opticalscanning section that scans the coherent light emitted from the lightsource; an optical modulation element having an image formation area inwhich an image is formed; a beam forming means provided between thelight source and the optical scanning section; an optical pathconversion system configured to allow the coherent light scanned by theoptical scanning section to illuminate the image formation areasequentially in an overlapping manner; and a projection optical systemthat projects the image of the optical modulation element on a screen,wherein the beam forming means uniforms an intensity distribution of thecoherent light emitted from the light source on a surface in thevicinity of the optical scanning section, the optical path conversionsystem is set such that the surface and optical modulation elementsurface are in a conjugate relationship, and an incident angle of thecoherent light that enters respective points of the image formation areatemporally changes.
 2. The projection type image display deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the beam forming means change across-sectional shape of laser beam into a shape of the opticalmodulation element, and the optical path conversion system adjusts adiameter of the coherent light so as to illuminate at least a part ofthe image formation area of the optical modulation element.
 3. Aprojection type image display device comprising: a light source thatemits coherent light; an optical scanning section that scans thecoherent light emitted from the light source; an optical modulationelement having an image formation area in which an image is formed; abeam forming means provided between the light source and the opticalscanning section; an optical path conversion system configured to allowthe coherent light scanned by the optical scanning section to illuminatethe image formation area sequentially in an overlapping manner; and aprojection optical system that projects the image of the opticalmodulation element on a screen, wherein the beam forming means change across-sectional shape of laser beam into a shape of the opticalmodulation element, the optical path conversion system adjusts adiameter of the coherent light so as to illuminate at least a part ofthe image formation area of the optical modulation element, and anincident angle of the coherent light that enters respective points ofthe image formation area temporally changes.
 4. The projection typeimage display device according to claim 1, wherein the beam formingmeans includes a beam expander.
 5. The projection type image displaydevice according to claim 3, wherein the beam forming means includes abeam expander.